How Many Types of Dementia Are There?

When we talk about living with dementia, we're referring to a collection of symptoms affecting memory, thinking and social abilities. While many associate dementia primarily with memory changes, understanding the full spectrum helps us provide truly personalised care that honours each individual's unique journey. Below, we explore the most common types of dementia, their distinctive characteristics, and why this knowledge empowers us to provide compassionate, person-centered support that enhances quality of life.

Understanding Dementia as a Whole

Dementia isn't a specific condition but rather an umbrella term describing a range of progressive neurological changes. These arise when healthy brain cells become compromised and can no longer communicate effectively with each other. While researchers have identified over 200 subtypes of dementia, several forms are particularly common. Each type has its own distinct patterns – knowledge that proves invaluable when supporting someone to live well with dementia.

Alzheimer's

Alzheimer's represents the most prevalent form of dementia. This condition develops when proteins called amyloid and tau build up in the brain, forming structures that interrupt neural communication pathways. People living with Alzheimer's typically experience gradual memory changes, often beginning with difficulty recalling recent conversations or events. As the condition progresses, a person might experience:

• Changes in orientation to time and place
• Different approaches to problem-solving and planning
• Language adaptations and word-finding difficulties
• Emotional changes and shifts in expression

While there's currently no cure for Alzheimer's, many people continue to lead rich, fulfilling lives with the right understanding and support. Certain medications can help manage symptoms, while thoughtful care approaches enhance wellbeing and quality of life.

Vascular Dementia

Vascular dementia is the second most common type. It results from changes in blood flow to the brain – often following a stroke or series of mini-strokes, though it can also develop gradually from small vessel disease. The experience of living with vascular dementia relates directly to which portions of the brain have been affected. Common experiences include:

• Different approaches to planning and organisation
• Changes in reasoning and decision-making processes
• Variations in concentration and attention span
• Adjustments in thought processing speed

Interestingly, memory changes may be less prominent initially compared to Alzheimer's. With proper support, many individuals with vascular dementia maintain their personalities and continue to enjoy meaningful activities and relationships.

Lewy Body Dementia

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) develops when protein deposits called Lewy bodies accumulate in nerve cells. What makes DLB particularly distinctive is its presentation, which often includes:

• Visual experiences – Sometimes including vivid visual perceptions
• Fluctuating alertness – Varying levels of attention throughout the day
• Movement considerations – Similar to Parkinson's
• Sleep pattern changes – Including active dreams during sleep

This unique constellation of experiences responds well to thoughtful care approaches tailored to each individual's needs and preferences. With understanding and the right support, people living with DLB can continue to enjoy many aspects of daily life.

Frontotemporal Dementia

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) primarily affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain – areas responsible for personality, behaviour regulation, and language. Unlike other forms of dementia, FTD commonly begins earlier in life, typically between ages 45-65. FTD manifests differently depending on which brain regions are most affected:

• Behavioural variant FTD – Characterised by noticeable personality shifts and changes in social interaction
• Primary progressive aphasia – Where language abilities gradually adapt, affecting communication

With creative care approaches and compassionate understanding, people living with FTD can remain engaged in life in meaningful ways. The right environment and support can significantly enhance comfort and quality of life.

Understanding Mixed and Young-Onset Dementia

Approximately 1 in 10 people living with dementia experience more than one type simultaneously – most commonly Alzheimer's alongside vascular dementia. This mixed presentation benefits from integrated care approaches that address multiple aspects of the condition. When dementia develops before age 65, it's classified as young-onset dementia. These individuals often have unique considerations, including career, family, and financial commitments. With specialised support, many continue to lead active, engaged lives for many years after diagnosis.

Why is an accurate diagnosis so important?

Understanding which type of dementia someone is living with enables care partners to:

• Provide more personalised support tailored to specific needs
• Explore the most appropriate approaches for enhancing wellbeing
• Prepare thoughtfully for potential future changes
• Connect with relevant support services and resources
• Enable meaningful participation in care planning decisions

An accurate diagnosis empowers individuals and families to make informed choices about care and support that can significantly enhance quality of life and daily wellbeing.

How does KYN provide specialised care for different types of dementia?

At KYN, our approach centers on understanding not just the type of dementia someone is living with, but their individual history, preferences, talents, and passions. Our dedicated dementia specialists work closely with residents and families to develop personalised care plans that evolve alongside changing needs. We combine evidence-based approaches with genuine warmth and creativity, creating environments where those living with all types of dementia can experience joy, dignity, and meaningful connection every day. We focus on what people can do rather than what they cannot, creating opportunities for success and satisfaction through thoughtfully designed activities, environments, and interactions. To learn more about our person-centered dementia care approach, please contact our team. We're here to partner with you through every stage of your loved one's journey with dementia, celebrating their individuality and enhancing their wellbeing every step of the way.